British Firm Cairn Energy Threatens To Seize Indian Planes & Ships Amid $1.2B Tax Dispute

British firm Cairn Energy has threatened to seize assets belonging to the Indian government, mainly planes and ships amid $1.2 billion tax dispute. Targets could include bank accounts as well as mobile and immobile property, including the assets of public sector enterprises such as state-owned Air India, but not diplomatic assets.

Cairn threatens to seize Indian assets

The UK-based energy firm was awarded damages by an international tribunal in the high-profile dispute with the Indian government last month.

An international tribunal ruled unanimously in December that New Delhi had violated its obligations under the UK-India bilateral investment treaty in 2014, when income tax officials seized Cairn’s residual 10 per cent stake in Cairn India.

Cairn Energy has threatened to seize Indian government assets if New Delhi fails to pay the UK oil and gas explorer $1.2bn after losing a bitter dispute over retrospective taxes.

The warning, in a letter seen by the Financial Times, highlights the pressure on Indian government to honour the verdict in one of its longest-running, highest-profile corporate tax battles.

In a ruling Cairn described as “final and binding”, the tribunal ordered New Delhi to pay $1.2bn in damages, plus interest and costs, to compensate Cairn for the shares — long sold off by the tax department — as well as confiscated dividends.

“The award can be enforced against Indian assets in numerous jurisdictions around the world for which the necessary preparations have been put in place,” the company added.

Cairn has started identifying assets it could seize if the Indian government doesn’t comply with the order.
Sources have said that these could include planes and ships.

Although the letter did not specify when assets might be seized, people familiar with the situation said targets could include bank accounts as well as mobile and immobile property, including the assets of public sector enterprises such as state-owned Air India, but not diplomatic assets.

Cairn India Tax Dispute

• The dispute between the Indian government and Cairn relates to retrospective taxation. 
• Before 2006 (listing in BSE), the India operations of Cairn Energy were owned by a company called Cairn India Holdings Ltd (CIHL) incorporated in Jersey, UK. 
• Cairn India Holdings Ltd (CIHL) was a fully owned subsidiary of Cairn UK Holdings (CUHL), in turn a fully owned subsidiary of Cairn Energy (CPLC).
• At the time of the IPO (2006), the ownership of the India assets was transferred from Cairn UK Holdings to a new company, Cairn India Ltd(CIL). 
• In 2006, Cairn India Ltd. (CIL) acquired the entire share capital of Cairn India Holdings (CIHL) from Cairn UK Holdings (CUHL). In exchange, 69 per cent of the shares in Cairn India were issued to Cairn UK Holdings (CUHL). Hence, Cairn Energy (CPLC), through Cairn UK Holdings (CUHL), held 69 per cent in Cairn India.
• Later, in 2011, Cairn Energy sold Cairn India to mining billionaire Anil Agarwal’s Vedanta group, barring a minor stake of 9.8 per cent. It wanted to sell the residual stake as well but was barred by the I-T department from doing so. The government also froze payment of dividend by Cairn India to Cairn Energy.
• In 2012, government introduces retrospective tax amendment in finance bill and in 2014 the IT authorities launches a retrospective tax probe into transactions undertaken prior to IPO.

Objections by IT Authorities

• The Income Tax authorities then contented that Cairn UK had made capital gains and slapped it with a tax demand of Rs 24,500 crore. 
• Owing to different interpretations of capital gains, the company refused to pay the tax, which prompted cases being filed at the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT) and the High Court. 
• While Cairn had lost the case at ITAT, a case on the valuation of capital gains is still pending before the Delhi High court.
• In 2015, Cairn’s claim was brought under the terms of the UK-India Bilateral Investment Treaty, the legal seat of the tribunal was the Netherlands, and the proceedings were under the registry of the Permanent Court of Arbitration.

Arbitration Court Verdict

• The Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague has maintained that the Cairn tax issue is not a tax dispute but a tax-related investment dispute and, hence, it falls under its jurisdiction. 
• India’s demand in past taxes, it said, was in breach of fair treatment under the UK-India Bilateral Investment Treaty.
• The tribunal ordered the government to return the value of shares it had sold, dividends seized and tax refunds withheld to recover the tax demand. 
• The government was asked to compensate Cairn “for the total harm suffered” together with interest and cost of arbitration.

Govt Response

• The Solicitor General of India has opined that an “arbitral tribunal can’t render a law passed by a sovereign Parliament ineffective,
• While senior government functionaries have asserted India’s sovereign taxation rights “can’t be subservient to bilateral investment treaties,” PM Modi had assured global investors that “concerns over retrospective taxation would be taken care of”.
• Also, Finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman has on record said that, “we won’t use retrospective taxation for income generation”.
• The verdict came barely three months after India lost arbitration to Vodafone Plc over the retrospective tax legislation amendment.

Send in your tips and submissions by filling out this form or write to us directly at the email provided. Join us on WhatsApp for more intel and updates.